Chondroitin sulfate (CS) glycosaminoglycans inhibit regeneration in the adult central nervous system (CNS). Finnish researchers have reported that HB-GAM (heparin-binding growth-associated molecule; also known as pleiotrophin), reverses the role of the CS chains, switching it from inhibiting growth to activating the neurite growth of CNS neurons. HB-GAM is a CS-binding protein expressed at high levels in the developing CNS,
Pleiotrophin treatment stimulates neuron growth in the adult CNS
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